Lord Of The Flies - Symbolism :: essays research papers

In the book, Lord of the Flies, the author frequently uses symbolism. Symbolism-n 1 the art or practice of using symbols esp. by investing things with a emblematic meaning or by expressing the invisible or intangible by means of visible or sensuous delegations. In other words, discussing or explaining a broader, more general topic by linking it symbolically with a specific event in a literary work. The superb use of symbolism in the book is one of the contributing factors to the profoundness of Lord of the Flies. This book is peppered with examples of symbolism, but the ones that stand out the most are The breaking of Piggys spectacles, the representation of the littluns and Jack as the "people" and the government, and Simons conversation with the Lord of the Flies.The breaking of Piggys spectacles meant much more than the mere marring of a tally of glasses. Ralph made a step forward and Jack smacked Piggys head. Piggys glasses flew off and tinkled on the rocks. "One sides broken." This is somewhat of a turning point in the book. The breaking of Piggys spectacles symbolizes a mark at which rational influence decays as the story progresses. To better understand this, you must first know that Piggy himself is symbolized a grown-up figure, with intelligence and common sense. Looking back on the story, one move begin to realize how true this is. After Piggys glasses are broken, the fabric that holds the island society together begins to dissolve and everything goes awry. This discussion is perhaps the star most important part of the story, and may also be the most difficult part to understand.Another subtle, but important symbolization is the representation of the littluns as the "people", and Jack as the government. By using this symbolization, the author tries to express what he feels is wrong with modern government. This symbolization is shown in the book by a statement made by Jack. "What about the littluns?" "Sucks to the littluns" "Somebody has to look after them" "Nobody has so far." By this, the author makes reference to the government (Jack), and how government officials slackness its "people" (littluns).The most deeply symbolic event in the book, is Simons discussion with the pigs head, or the Lord of the Flies. "-and his gaze was held by that ancient, inescapable recognition. This statement is crucial to understanding the theme of Lord of the Flies.

Students MUST be Provided with the Skills Necessary for Success Essay

Students MUST be Provided with the Skills Necessary for Success Have you ever seen an eighth grader, who has no mental or physical disabilities, struggle through basic third grade math? Throughout high school I have and it has become a communal sight in our schools. Some were placed in remedial classes, while others sat next to me in some of my honors course. Students ar world passed through school without being taught the basic skills necessary to be successful in todays society. Measures need to be taken so that these students ar not pushed through school and thrown into the real world without the skills necessary to succeed. The solution to this is through standardisedised classes and periodic evaluations of both teachers and students. In the past standardized classrooms have been looked down upon, because of the concept that all students do not learn at the same rate. This is true there shouldnt be a standard that is untouchable for most students. There should be a sta ndard so that when a student graduates he or she is prepared to be a prolific part of society. Besides just having a standard there must be some way to check that it is being followed.There are standards in place now that try and make sure that a student is learning what he or she needs to graduate. These are in the forms of test. The problem with these tests is that they are taken every few years. By this time a student may be so far behind and lack the skills necessary that it would tak...

Primary Behavior Changes of MDMA :: Illegal Drugs Ecstasy Medical Essays

Primary Behavior Changes of MDMAAs an attempt to define the primary versus secondary (or side effect) behavior changes, I testament first address the differences between the two. One way to separate the two entrust be to refer to the primary behaviors as those that occur during the use of the drug. This time span will include the behaviors that occur from the point of ingestion through the time when the effects of the drug wear off (approximately 4-6 hours after ingestion). At this point I will go on to discuss the secondary effects on behavior and how they are a result of the primary effects. With this distinction made, it will make the comparison easier to follow and understand.One of the first, and most commonly reported, behavior changes is that of a created sense of, or feeling of, empathy towards all individuals. In many this feeling is a predominate force that enables communication in an outwardly distilive manner, much different than is normally expressed if the par ticipant were to be in a sober state. As a result, MDMA was slated for use in the medical field by psychologists and psychiatrists who were interested in these qualities as an aid in therapy. With lowered inhibitions and a willingness to express ones inner thoughts and feelings, many therapists were convinced that the drug would have very important therapeutic advantages. These advantages would be clearly expressed in cases where months of therapy had little effect on creating an inviting space where patients could feel comfortable with sharing in the presence of a therapist. Under close supervision, the therapeutic consequences could be priceless to the individual who potentially would be able to overcome a traumatic experience. With this being only one of the primary behavior changes associated with the use of MDMA, its easy to see how the complexity of such a drug can be easily underestimated. When viewed from an outside perspective, someone in such a euphoric state w ould appear to be very extroverted and accepting of many types of people. Its this sense of compassion towards all people that has created a phenomenon that expresses itself in the form of large dance parties, called raves. People get together to be intimate music, dance, drugs, and most of all each other. In a heightened state of awareness, participants are

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The graduation exercise model above demonstrates the negative production externality that is caused by factories that emit carbon pollution. A negative production externality occurs when the production or creation of a product results in negative spillover costs to society. In this case, it is the whole worlds population that is experiencing these negative spillover costs, as the carbon being emitted into the atmosphere from factories production of goods leads to global warming issues. Third parties (people who had no social function in the transaction) atomic number 18 suffering as the environment surrounding them is being destroyed by carbon emissions from corporations. This can be seen above in the first model, as the market is producing where MSB (benefit of society) and MPC (private cost) meets, thus leading to a market failure and high external costs for society. Here, MSC (cost to society) is greater than the MPC. This results in a welfare loss, as the product is being over produced and MSB (benefit of society) is not equal to MSC and maximum utility as well as allocative efficiency are not reached. Theref...

The Benefits of Vitamin E :: essays research papers

The benefits of vitamin E are now fairly wellestablished. Out of a controversial past it hasbecome swooning that vitamin E plays importantroles as an antioxidant, in your immunesystem, in preventing heart disease and evenin helping prevent malignant neoplastic disease. As if this wasntenough, the inquiry continues into otherbeneficial effects that vitamin E may have.Its not particularly easy to come by howevermeaning if you want to contract all the benefits youprobably should consider a supplement toyour diet.Vitamin E has many uses. Vitamin E plays animportant role as an antioxidant. This means that itis important in preventing the disconfirming effects offree radicals which are by-products of many radiation diagram body processes. Vitamin E can worksalongside the other important antioxidants, vitaminC and beta-carotene.It is only relatively recently that the benefits ofvitamin E in preventing heart disease have beenwell proven despite it being suspected since the1940s. Studie s have shown that taking regularvitamin E, every through diet or supplements canhave quite dramatic effects to lower your risk ofheart disease. In addition to its onuseffects, there have been other studies which haveindicated that vitamin E can help stop theprogression of heart disease which has alreadybeen established. Another way in which it acts isto help prevent severe blood clots which can insome cases be highly dangerous. So all aroundvitamin E can bring home the bacon some great benefits againstheart disease. It has been known for some time that vitamin Ecan boost the immune system. The antioxidanteffects of vitamin E help the immune reaction, plainlyin addition vitamin E works to protect cellmembranes against being penetrated by attackingmicrobes.The idea that vitamin E might help prevent cancercame from observations that people with canceroften have low levels of vitamin E. So the questionthat needs answering is - does one cause theother? Do low levels of vitamin E make peoplemore likely to develop cancer, or does havingcancer cause your levels of vitamin E to drop?There is growing evidence that low levels ofvitamin E do make you more likely to developcancer. This is good news because we can dosomething about low levels of vitamin E getmore, and reduce our cancer risk. The antioxidanteffects of vitamin E seem to be what is giving thisprotection. So far there is evidence of this effect inacting against colon, cervical and breast cancersand perchance lung cancer. Another benefit cancome in patients who are receiving radiationtherapy for cancer in whom vitamin E appears tohelp reduce the side effects of treatment.For normal nerve function vitamin E is essential.

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Anti-Social Personality Disorder is a classified personality malady in which a person, sometimes referred to as a psychopath, has a lack of empathy, an increased chance of acting violently towards others, and a complete disregard for authority and punishment. Prevalent features and symptoms include shallow emotions, irresponsibility, disbelieve of others, reckless thrill-seeking, disrespect for the law, prone to lash out with physical violence, harmful impulsiveness, arrogance, manipulative, greedy, lack of kindness or compassion, disrespect for others, and dishonesty (Psychology Today, n.d.). A main cistron of this disorder is the inability to process, interpret, and display emotion, even fear. An example is that most criminals with this disorder respond drastically different to their sentencing than ordinary. They seem relaxed and unable to process it on an frantic level. They are alike fully aware of what they are doing, and engender no sense of distorted reality, or remors e which classifies them as sane people. They also have neurotransmitter deficiencies in the brain, much(prenominal) as reduced serotonin and dopamine (Freedman & Verdun-Jones, 2010). The overall population of people having this disorder is a small amount, about 3% and high in prisons and abuse clinics which is around 70%. Also, because of their constant involvement in violence, most people diagnosed with this disorder die by violent means such as suicide and homicide (Internet Mental Health, n.d.).People with Anti-Social Personality Disorder have also been found to have an impaired learning condition, notably a termination called Response Reversal. This is defined as a change of behavior following a reversal of a previously established relationship between events and their re... ...mental disorder is not the same as a definition of that mental disorder, and even though PPD indeed synonymous with antisocial personality disorder, they are different foothold for the same disorder (Hart & Cook, 2012). Another argument is that PPD could be caused by a combination of different personality disorders, and not just one, as well as many environmental patterns, not just genetic (Association for Psychological Science, n.d.).In conclusion, Anti-Social Personality disorder has immense effects on people concerning empathy, violence, and even learning. It is also a very resistant disorder to treat. However, much needs to be learned about this disorder in order to help patients live normal lives, and can even be useful in establishing a treatment context for addressing conditions such as substance abuse, impulsive aggression, and schizophrenia ( Pajerla, 2007).

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Anti-Social Personality Disorder is a classified personality unsoundness in which a person, sometimes referred to as a psychopath, has a lack of empathy, an increased chance of acting violently towards others, and a complete disregard for authority and punishment. Prevalent features and symptoms include shallow emotions, irresponsibility, mistrust of others, bold thrill-seeking, disrespect for the law, prone to lash out with physical violence, harmful impulsiveness, arrogance, manipulative, greedy, lack of kindness or compassion, disrespect for others, and dishonesty (Psychology Today, n.d.). A main factor of this disorder is the inability to process, interpret, and display emotion, even fear. An example is that most criminals with this disorder respond drastically different to their sentencing than normal. They seem relaxed and unable to process it on an emotional level. They are also fully aware of what they are doing, and have no sense of distorted reality, or remorse which cla ssifies them as sane people. They also have neurotransmitter deficiencies in the brain, such as reduced serotonin and dopamine (Freedman & Verdun-Jones, 2010). The overall population of people having this disorder is a small amount, about 3% and higher in prisons and abuse clinics which is around 70%. Also, because of their constant involvement in violence, most people diagnosed with this disorder die by violent means such as suicide and homicide (Internet Mental Health, n.d.).People with Anti-Social Personality Disorder have also been found to have an impaired learning condition, nonably a term called reply Reversal. This is defined as a change of behavior following a reversal of a previously established relationship between events and their re... ...mental disorder is not the corresponding as a definition of that mental disorder, and even though PPD indeed synonymous with antisocial personality disorder, they are different terms for the same disorder (Hart & Cook, 2012). Anoth er argument is that PPD could be caused by a combination of different personality disorders, and not just one, as well as numerous environmental patterns, not just genetic (Association for Psychological Science, n.d.).In conclusion, Anti-Social Personality disorder has immense effects on people concerning empathy, violence, and even learning. It is also a very resistant disorder to treat. However, much needs to be learned about this disorder in order to help patients live normal lives, and back end even be useful in establishing a treatment context for addressing conditions such as substance abuse, impulsive aggression, and schizophrenia ( Pajerla, 2007).

1950’s Trade Policies of Pakistan

Period IIThe Golden Sixties, 1958 to 19695 Ayub Khan, the first military dictator of Pakistan, assumed complete control of the state in October 1958 and reigned over the golden finale of Pakistans economic history. With the help of Harvard advisors, Khan vigorously implemented the Planning Commission on Economic Management and Re fashions with stately results. 6 GDP maturation in this decade jumped to an average annual enjoin of 6 percent from 3 percent in the 1950s. The manufacturing sector spread out by 9 percent annually and different new industries were set up. gardening grew at a respectable rate of 4 percent with the approach of Green Revolution technology. Governance improved with a major expansion in the governments capacity for polity analysis, design and implementation, as closely as the far-reaching process of institution building. 7 The Pakistani polity evolved from what governmental scientists called a soft state to a developmental one that had acquired the sem blance of political legitimacy The Flat Fifties, 1947 to 1958The main features of the 1950s was the establishment and expansion of thelarge scale manufacturing sector, which ranged from a high annual growthrate of 28. 7% in 1953/4 to a down in the mouth 4. 9% in 1957/8. With industry growing athigh rates, there was reverse picture in the agriculture sector, which onlyonce in this period achieved double digit growth rates. Agriculture stagnated to the extent that its growth was not even enough to cope with the growth inpopulation, resulting in a egest in per capita consumption of food grain and theneed to minute food as head.A stagnant agriculture in a predominantlyagricultural economy meant a slowly growing economy. The major impact ofeconomic policy in the 1950s was to transfer income away from agricultureand from urban consumers and to the new and rapidly growingmanufacturing sector 7. 2. 1 The Trade Regime 1950-60 The major instrument of protection to import-substituting indu stries during the 1950-60 period was the system of import licensing. The value of import licenses issued and the distribution of these licenses across import categories were determined by the chief comptroller of imports and exports.Both the level and the product write up of import licenses changed from year to year, but in all years demand for imports exceeded the controlled supply, creating a gap between importers costs (c. i. f. prices plus duties and sales taxes) and market prices. The marge above importers costs represented a windfall profit for those fortunate enough to have the import licenses. Also, domestic manufacturing firms were able to sell their products at prices well above importers costs because of the scarcity markups created by restrictive licensing.Tariff protection was, in about product lines, a far less significant element in overall protection than the licensing of imports. The structure of nominal and effective tariff protection, therefore, provides littl e indication of the production incentives created by the trade-control system during this period. A study by Lewis (1970, p. 69) suggests that the scarcity markup-the percentage increase of the wholesale price above the importers cost-was 67 percent. Lewis withal found that, for his sample, nominal rates of protection across the deuce-ace major subcategories of manufacturing- consumer,The Export Bonus Voucher system During the 1950s it became clear that exporters were caught in a continually worsening cost-price squeeze. The maintenance of an overvalued give-and-take rate through restrictive import controls implied (1 ) a constant rupee return per dollar of goods exported but (2) production costs that had a tendency to escalate when distant exchange became scarce and the scarcity aid on imported raw materials rose. To offset this disadvantage, the export bonus voucher intent was introduced in 1959.For every Rs 100 of unlike exchange earned, the exporter received a voucher f or either Rs 20 or Rs 40, depending on the type of product, that effectively became a license to import goods up to the show value of the voucher. The bonus vouchers were licenses to import only goods from a list of importable items, but the list was quite broad and encompassed consumer, intermediate, and investment goods. Exporters had considerable freedom in deploying their vouchers. They could be apply to import raw materials for processing into export or import-competing goods.They could be used for personal imports of luxury items, such as automobiles. Or they could be interchange on the open market, commanding a price well in excess of their face value. This latter alternative was extremely popular, and bonus vouchers were traded on the Karachi lineage exchange with the premium-that is, the price expressed as a percentage of its face value-quoted daily. Importers purchasing the vouchers could then import any item on the bonus list. If the premium was 150 percent and the c. i. f. value of the imported item was $1, or Rs 4. 6 at the official rate of exchange, and the duty 50 percent, the total cost to the importer was Rs 4. 76 + 1. 5 (Rs 4. 76) + 0. 5 (Rs. 4. 76) = Rs 14. 28. Since many items were purchased with bonus voucher premiums and customs duties of these same levels, it is clear that the marginal EER for exports exceeded the official exchange rate by a straightforward amount. For the exporter, the bonus voucher plan offered a differentiated and variable EER. Agricultural goods carried a bonus rate-the share of foreign exchange earned returned in the form of vouchers-of zero while manufactured goods carried rates . f 20 or 40 percent initially. The bonus rate structure, the number of rate categories, and the commodities assigned to the various categories were changed from time to time. Also, the premium fluctuated between 100 and 200 percent, though an attempt was made to stabilize the bonus premium at about 150 per cent. The EER for exports r anged, therefore, from Rs 4. 76 to Rs 7. 61 (Rs 4. 76 + 1. 5 x 0. 4 x Rs 4. 76). INDUSTRIALIZATION Ayub Khans era is known for the industrialization in the country.The new regime of Ayub Khandisbanded many of the controls that had been compel following the post-korean war recessionin 1952. He created an environment where the private sector was encouraged to establishmedium and small-scale industries in Pakistan. This opened up avenues for new jobopportunities and thus the economic chart of the country started rising. In 1959 there was afundamental reordering and change in the method of directing industrialization through tradepolicy and a series of cock-a-hoop policies were introduced which remained in effect till 1965. Themain emphasis of the new rade policy in 1959 shifted away from direst controls and towardsindirest controls on imports, and on domestic prices of other goods. It was the export bonus scheme launched in 1959 that was considered to be the key to the importliberal ization process in Pakistan. The scheme allowed a free market in the bonus vouchers forcertain commodities. The Export Bonus Vouchers Scheme (1959) and tax incentives stimulatednew industrial entrepreneurs and exporters. Bonus vouchers facilitated access to foreignexchange for imports of industrial machinery and raw materials.Tax concessions were offeredfor investment in less-developed areas. These measures had important consequences in bringingindustry to Punjab and gave rise to a new syllabus of small industrialists. In addition the earlier closed and selective import licensing scheme of the 1950s, which wasbased on the importers ability to importduring the Korean boom of 1950-2, was replaced in 1961 historic DEVELOPMENT PAKISTANECONOMICPOLICY by the open General license(OGL), which allowed newcomers to enter the trading sector.Thenew traders made substantial profits and gains from processing import licenses. The most marketfriendly change was the introduction of the light List, which permitted the import of certaingoods without any license. The free List was extended over time from 4 items to 50 in 1964. Thetariff structure continued to be used as a signaling device, as it had been in the 1950s. the biasagainst producing machinery and equipment locally continued, as the import duty on these itemswas still the lowest, thus making it easier to import these goods earlier than produce them athome.The main reason why the government could be so generous in its import policy in the firsthalf of 1960s was critically joined to the availability of foreign aid, which increased from 2. 5percent of GNP in mid 1950s to 7 percent of GNP in mid 1960s. In 1965 the Free List suffered serious setbacks as foreign aid was curtailed, and due(p) to theresulting foreign exchange squeeze, the import liberalization policies were abandoned and manynew import controls were introduced.The governments import licensing scheme was to suppose to encourage the private sector toinvest, just as the EBS was a means for exporters to acquire additional foreign exchange byexporting more. The exchange rate had been over valued in the 1950s, but the EBS compensatedfor that and boosted exports, especially of manufactured goods. The scheme transferred asubsidy to exports, and the export of raw jute fell from 60 percent of total exports in 1958 to 20%in 1968, while exports of cotton and jute textiles increased from 8. 3% to 35% in this period, andexports of other manufacturers increased tenfold from 2 to 20 %.The EBS also had a positiveimpact on imports making raw materials and machinery easier and cheaper. This resulted in lowprices for agricultural inputs, while EBS transferred subsidies to manufactured exports. Due toEBS and import licensing and liberalization strategy large manufacturing increased from8% per annum between 1955 and 1960 to 17% between 1960 an 1965 in the second five yearplan the controls reimposed following the foreign exchange and aid curtailment cause d thisgrowth to fall to about 10% in the second half of the 1960s.None of the growth in industry during the period of second five year plan was due to the importsubstitution, instead domestic demand and absorption rate were the dominant factors. As foreignaid had increased so had imports and even though manufacturing output grew to impressive ratesdue to the import policies and foreign resources, imports increased at a faster pace. Growth ininvestment goods was by far the fastest of all sectors during the early 1960s.. he reasonaccording to Asian bank was that since this sector was most dependent on imported rawmaterials, it benefitted most from import liberalization. Another reason why import substitutionslowed down was the EBS, which encouraged the export of manufactured goods. Pakistans growth rate of 5. 065 was far higher than many comparable countries, indicating bothtechnological dynamism and dynamic allocative efficiency in a comparative perspective

The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Fourteen

Elena felt up her flesh creep at the words.You dont mean that, she verbalise shakily. She toy withed what she had seen on the roof, the blood line smeared on Stefans lips, and she forced herself not to shrivel from him. Stefan, I go you. You couldnt have through with(p) thatHe ignored her protestations, just went on staring with eye that burned kindred the green ice at the bottom of a glacier. He was looking through her, into or so incomprehensible distance. As I lay in bed that night, I hoped against hope that she would come. already I was noticing some of the limitings in myself. I could see better in the dark it seemed I could hear better. I felt stronger than ever before, full of some elemental energy. And I was hungry.It was a hunger I had never imagined. At dinner I found that ordinary food and drink did null to pander it. I couldnt understand that. And indeed I saw the white neck of star of the serving girls, and I knew why. He drew a long breath, his eyes dark a nd tortured. That night, I resisted the need, though it took whole my will. I was thinking of Katherine, and praying she would come to me. Praying He gave a short laugh. If a creature like me can pray.Elenas fingers were benumbed within his grasp, solitary(prenominal) when she tried to tighten them, to send him reassurance. Go on, Stefan.He had no trouble speaking now. He seemed virtually to have forgotten her mien, as if he were spoting this story to himself.The next morning the need was stronger. It was as if my own veins were dry and cracked, desperate for moisture. I knew that I couldnt stand it for long.I went to Katherines chambers. I meant to ask her, to plead with her- His voice cracked. He paused and and so went on. however Damon was on that point already, waiting external her rooms. I could see thathe hadnt resisted the need. The glow of his skin, the spring in his step, told me that. He looked as smug as the cat whos had the cream. still he hadnt had Katherine . Knock all you like, he said to me, solely the female dragon inside wont permit you past. Ive tried already. Shall we overpower her, you and I?I wouldnt answer him. The look on his reflexion, that sly, self-satisfied look, repelled me. I pounded on that door to wake He faltered, and then gave an new(prenominal)(prenominal) humorless laugh. I was going to say, to wake the dead. But the dead arent so hard to wake after all, are they? After a moment, he went on.The maid, Gudren, overt the door. She had a face like a flat white plate, and eyes like black glass. I asked her if I could see her mistress. I expected to be told that Katherine was asleep, but instead Gudren just looked at me, then at Damon over my shoulder. I would not tellhim , she said at last, but I will tell you. My lady Katerina is not within. She went out early this morning, to walk in the gardens. She said she had much need of estimation.I was surprised. Early this morning? I said. Yes, she replied. She looked at both(prenominal) Damon and me without liking. My mistress was in truth unhappy last night, she said meaningfully. All night long, she wept.When she said that, a strange sense of touch came over me. It wasnt just shame and mourning that Katherine should be so unhappy. It was fear. I forgot my hunger and weakness. I even forgot my enmity for Damon. I was filled with haste and a great driving urgency. I sour to Damon and told him that we had to find Katherine, and to my surprise he just nodded.We began to search the gardens, calling Katherines name. I remember just what everything looked like that day. The sun was shining on the high cypress trees and the pines in the garden. Damon and I hurried between them, pitiable more and more quickly, and calling. We kept calling herElena could feel the tremors in Stefans body, communicated to her through his tightly gripping fingers. He was breathing rapidly but shallowly.We had closely reached the end of the gardens when I remembered a p lace that Katherine had loved. It was a little way out onto the grounds, a low seawall beside a lemon tree. I started there, shouting for her. But as I got closer, I stopped shouting. I felt a fear-a terrible premonition. And I knew I essentialnt-mustnt go-Stefan said Elena. He was hurting her, his fingers biting into her own, crushing them. The tremors racing through his body were growing, be culmination shudders. Stefan, pleaseBut he gave no sign that he perceive her. It was like-a nightmare-everything happening so slowly. I couldnt move-and yet I had to. I had to keep walking. With each step, the fear grew stronger. I could smell it. A smell like burned fat. I mustnt go there-I dont want to see it-His voice had become high and urgent, his breath coming in gasps. His eyes were wide and dilated, like a terrified childs. Elena gripped his viselike fingers with her other hand, enfolding them completely. Stefan, its all the reform way. Youre not there. Youre here with me.I dont w ant to see it-but I cant help it. Theres something white. Something white under the tree. Dont piddle external me look at itStefan, Stefan, look at meHe was beyond hearing. His words came in heaving spasms, as if he could not control them, could not ticktack them out fast enough. I cant go any closer-but I do. I see the tree, the wall. And that white. Behind the tree. White with gold underneath. And then I know, I know, and Im moving toward it because its her dress. Katherines white dress. And I get around the tree and I see it on the ground and its true. Its Katherines dress,-his voice rose and broke in unimaginable horror-but Katherine isnt in it.Elena felt a chill, as if her body had been plunged into ice water. Her skin rose in goose-flesh, and she tried to speak to him but couldnt. He was rattling on as if he could keep the terror away if he kept on talking.Katherine isnt there, so maybe its all a joke, but her dress is on the ground and its full of ashes. Like the ashes in the hearth, just like that, only these smell of burned flesh. They stink. The smell is making me sick and faint. Beside the sleeve of the dress is a piece of diploma. And on a rock, on a rock a little way away is a ring. A ring with a spicy st mavin, Katherines ring. Katherines ring Suddenly, he called out in a terrible voice, Katherine, what have youdone ? Then he fell to his knees, releasing Elenas fingers at last, to bury his face in his hands.Elena held him as he was gripped by wracking sobs. She held his shoulders, pulling him to her lap. Katherine took the ring off, she whispered. It was not a question. She exposed herself to the sun.His harsh sobs went on and on, as she held him to the full skirts of the blue gown, stroking his quivering shoulders. She murmured nonsense meant to soothe him, pushing away her own horror. And, presently, he quieted and lifted his head. He spoke thickly, but he seemed to have returned to the present, to have come back.The parchment was a poin t out, for me and for Damon. It said she had been selfish, wanting to have both of us. It said-she couldnt pack to be the cause of strife between us. She hoped that once she was gone we would no longer hate each other. She did it to bring us together.Oh, Stefan, whispered Elena. She felt burning tears fill her own eyes in sympathy. Oh, Stefan, Im so sorry. But dont you see, after all this time, that what Katherine did was wrong? It was selfish, even, and it washer choice. In a way, it had nothing to do with you, or with Damon.Stefan shook his head as if to shake off the truth of the words. She gave her life for that. We killed her. He was sitting up now. But his eyes were still dilated, great disks of black, and he had the look of a small bewildered boy.Damon came up behind me. He took the note and read it. And then-I think he went mad. We were both mad. I had picked up Katherines ring, and he tried to take it. He shouldnt have. We struggled. We said terrible things to each other. We each demonic the other for what had happened. I dont remember how we got back to the house, but suddenly I had my sword. We were fighting. I wanted to destroy that arrogant face forever, to kill him. I remember my father shouting from the house. We fought harder, to finish it before he reached us.And we were well matched. But Damon had perpetually been stronger, and that day he seemed faster, too, as if he had changed more than I had. And so while my father was still shouting from the window I felt Damons blade get past my guard. Then I felt it enter my heart.Elena stared, aghast, but he went on without pause. I felt the pain of the steel, I felt it stab through me, deep, deep inside. All the way through, a hard thrust. And then the strength poured out of me and I fell. I lay there on the paved ground.He looked up at Elena and finished simply, And that is how I died.Elena sat frozen, as if the ice shed felt in her chest earlier tonight had flooded out and trapped her.Damon came and stood over me and bent down. I could hear my fathers cries from far away, and screams from the household, but all I could see was Damons face. Those black eyes that were like a moonless night. I wanted to hurt him for what he had done to me. For everything he had done to me, and to Katherine. Stefan was quiet a moment, and then he said, almost dreamily, And so I lifted my sword and I killed him. With the last of my strength, I stabbed my brother through the heart.The surprise had moved on, and through the broken window Elena could hear round the bend night noises, the chirp of crickets, the wind sifting through trees. In Stefans room, it was very still.I knew nothing more until I woke up in my tomb, said Stefan. He leaned back, away from her, and shut his eyes. His face was pinched and weary, but that awful childlike dreaminess was gone. twain Damon and I had had just enough of Katherines blood to keep us from truly dying. Instead we changed. We woke together in our tomb, dre ssed in our best clothing, laid on slabs side by side. We were too weak to hurt each other anymore the blood had been just barely enough. And we were confused. I called to Damon, but he ran outside into the night.Fortunately, we had been buried with the rings Katherine had wedded us. And I found her ring in my pocket. As if unconsciously, Stefan reached up to stroke the golden circlet. I suppose they thought she had given it to me.I tried to go home. That was stupid. The servants screamed at the sight of me and ran to fetch a priest. I ran, too. Into the only place where I was safe, into the dark.And that is where Ive stayed ever since. Its where I belong, Elena. I killed Katherine with my self-conceit and my jealousy, and I killed Damon with my hatred. But I did worse than kill my brother. I damned him.If he hadnt died then, with Katherines blood so strong in his veins, he would have had a chance. In time the blood would have grown weaker, and then passed away. He would have beco me a normal human again. By killing him then, I condemned him to live in the night. I took away his only chance of salvation.Stefan laughed bitterly. Do you know what the name Salvatore means in Italian, Elena? It means salvation, savior. Im named that, and for St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr. And I damned my brother to hell.No, said Elena. And then, in a stronger voice, she said, No, Stefan. He damned himself. He killedyou . But what happened to him after that?For a while he joined one of the Free Companies, ruthless mercenaries whose business was to rob and plunder. He wandered across the country with them, fighting and drinking the blood of his victims.I was living beyond the city gate by then, half starved, preying on animals, an animal myself. For a long time, I heard nothing about Damon. Then one day I heard his voice in my mind.He was stronger than I, because he was drinking human blood. And killing. Humans have the strongest life essence, and their blood gives power. And when theyre killed, somehow the life essence they give is strongest of all. Its as if in those last moments of terror and struggle the soul is the most vibrant. Because Damon killed humans, he was able to draw on the Powers more than I was.What powers? said Elena. A thought was growing in her mind.Strength, as you said, and quickness. A sharpening of all the senses, especially at night. Those are the basics. We can also feel minds. We can sense their presence, and sometimes the temper of their thoughts. We can cast confusion about weaker minds, either to overwhelm them or to bend them to our will. There are others. With enough human blood we can change our shapes, become animals. And the more you kill, the stronger all the Powers become.Damons voice in my mind was very strong. He said he was now the condottieri of his own company and he was coming back to Florence. He said that if I was there when he arrived he would kill me. I believed him, and I left. Ive seen him once or t wice since then. The threat is always the same, and hes always more powerful. Damons made the most of his nature, and he seems to glory in its darkest side.But its my nature, too. The same darkness is inside me. I thought that I could surmount it, but I was wrong. Thats why I came here, to Fells Church. I thought if I settled in some small town, far away from the old memories, I might escape the darkness. And instead, tonight, I killed a man. No, said Elena forcefully. I dont believe that, Stefan. His story had filled her with horror and pity and fear, too. She admitted that. But her disgust had vanished, and there was one thing she was sure about. Stefan wasnt a murderer. What happened tonight, Stefan? Did you argue with Tanner?I dont remember, he said bleakly. I used the Power to persuade him to do what you wanted. Then I left. But later I felt the dizziness and the weakness come over me. Asit has before. He looked up at her directly. The last time it happened was in the cemetery , right by the church, the night Vickie Bennett was violateed.But you didnt do that. Youcouldnt have done that Stefan?I dont know, he said harshly. What other explanation is there? And I did take blood from the old man under the bridge, that night you girls ran away from the graveyard. I would have sworn I didnt take enough to harm him, but he almost died. And I was there when both Vickie and Tanner were attacked.But you dont remember attacking them, said Elena, relieved. The idea that had been growing in her mind was now almost a certainty.What difference does it make? Who else could have done it, if not me?Damon, said Elena.He flinched, and she saw his shoulders tighten again. Its a nice thought. I hoped at first that there might be some explanation like that. That it might be someone else, someone like my brother. But Ive searched with my mind and found nothing, no other presence. The simplest explanation is that Im the killer.No, said Elena, you dont understand. I dont just mea n that someone like Damon might do the things weve seen. I mean Damon is here, in Fells Church. Ive seen him.Stefan just stared at her.It must be him, Elena said, taking a deep breath. Ive seen him twice now, maybe three times. Stefan, you just told me a long story, and now Ive got one to tell you.As quickly and simply as she could, she told him about what had happened in the gym, and at Bonnies house. His lips tightened into a white line as she told him how Damon had tried to kiss her. Her cheeks grew hot as she remembered her own response, how she had almost given in to him. But she told Stefan everything.About the crow, too, and all the other strange things that had happened since she had come home from France.And, Stefan, I think Damon was at the Haunted House tonight, she finished. skilful after you felt dizzy in the front room, someone passed me. He was dressed up like-like Death, in black robes and a hood, and I couldnt see his face. But something about the way he moved was familiar. It was him, Stefan. Damon was there.But that still wouldnt explain the other times. Vickie and the old man. Idid take blood from the old man. Stefans face was taut, as if he were almost afraid to hope.But you said yourself you didnt take enough to harm him. Stefan, who knows what happened to that man after you left? Wouldnt it be the easiest thing in the world for Damon to attack him then? Especially if Damons been spying on you all along, maybe in some other formLike a crow, murmured Stefan.Like a crow. And as for Vickie Stefan, you said that you can cast confusion over weaker minds, overpower them. Couldnt that be what Damon was doing to you? Overpowering your mind as you can overpower a humans?Yes, and shielding his presence from me. There was mounting excitement in Stefans voice. Thats why he hasnt answered my calls. He wanted-He wanted just whats happened to happen. He wanted you to doubt yourself, to think you were a killer.But it isnt true, Stefan . Oh, Stefan, you know that now, and you dont have to be afraid anymore. She stood up, feeling joy and relief course through her. Out of this hideous night, something wonderful had come.Thats why youve been so yonder with me, isnt it? she said, holding out her hands to him. Because youre afraid of what you might do. But theres no need for that any longer.Isnt there ? He was breathing quickly again, and he eye her outstretched hands as if they were two snakes. You think theres no reason to be afraid? Damon may have attacked those people, but he doesnt control my thoughts. And you dont know what Ive thought about you.Elena kept her voice level. You dont want to hurt me, she said positively.No? There have been times, watching you in public, when I could scarcely bear not to touch you. When I was so tempted by your white throat, your little white throat with the faint blue veins beneath the skin His eyes were strict on her neck in a way that reminded her of Damons eyes, and she felt her heartbeat step up. Times when I thought I would grab you and force you right there in the school.Theres no need to force me, said Elena. She could feel her pulse everywhere now in her wrists and the inside of her elbows-and in her throat. Ive made my decision, Stefan, she said squashyly, holding his eyes. I want to.He swallowed thickly. You dont know what youre asking for. I think Ido . You told me how it was with Katherine, Stefan. I want it to be like that with us. I dont mean I want you to change me. But we can share a little without that happening, cant we? I know, she added, even more softly, how much you loved Katherine. But shes gone now, and Im here. And I love you, Stefan. I want to be with you.You dont know what youre talking about He was standing rigid, his face furious, his eyes anguished. If I once let go, whats tokeep me from changing you, or killing you? The passion is stronger than you can imagine. Dont you understand yet what I am, what I can do?She stood there and looked at him quietly, her chin raised slightly. It seemed to anger him.Havent you seen enough yet? Or do I have to show you more? Cant you picture what I might do to you? He strode over to the frigidity fireplace and snatched out a long piece of wood, thicker than both Elenas wrists together. With one motion, he snapped it in two like a match stick. Yourfragile bones, he said. across the room was a pillow from the bed he caught it up and with a slash of his nails left the silk cover in ribbons. Yoursoft skin. Then he moved toward Elena with supernatural quickness he was there and had hold of her shoulders before she knew what was happening. He scared into her face a moment, then, with a savage hiss that raised the hairs at the nape of her neck, drew his lips back.It was the same snarl shed seen on the roof, those white teeth bared, the canines grown to unbelievable length and sharpness. They were the fangs of a predator, a hunter. Your white neck, he said in a distorted voice.Elena stood par alyzed another instant, gazing as if compelled into that chilling visage, and then something deep in her unconscious took over. She reached up within the restraining circle of his arms and caught his face between her two hands. His cheeks were cool against her palms. She held him that way, softly, so softly, as if to reprove his hard grip on her bare shoulders. And she saw the confusion slowly come to his face, as he realized she was not doing it to fight him or to shove him away.Elena waited until that confusion reached his eyes, shattering his gaze, becoming almost a look of pleading. She knew that her own face was fearless, soft yet intense, her lips slightly parted. They were both breathing quickly now, together, in rhythm. Elena could feel it when he started to shake, trembling as he had when the memories of Katherine had become too much to bear. Then, very gently and deliberately, she drew that snarling let loose down to her own.He tried to oppose her. But her gentleness was stronger than all his inhuman strength. She shut her eyes and thought only of Stefan, not of the dreadful things she had learned tonight but of Stefan, who had stroked her hair as lightly as if she might break in his hands. She thought of that, and she kissed the predatory mouth that had threatened her a few minutes ago.She felt the change, the transformation in his mouth as he yielded, responding helplessly to her, meeting her soft kisses with equal softness. She felt the shudder go through Stefans body as the hard grip on her shoulders softened, too, becoming an embrace. And she knew shed won.You will never hurt me, she whispered.It was as if they were kissing away all the fear and desolation and loneliness inside them. Elena felt passion surge through her like summer lightning, and she could sense the answering passion in Stefan. But infusing everything else was a gentleness almost frightening in its intensity. There was no need for haste or roughness, Elena thought as Stefan gen tly point her to sit down.Gradually, the kisses grew more urgent, and Elena felt the summer lightning flicker all through her body, charging it, making her heart pound and her breath catch. It made her feel strangely soft and dizzy, made her shut her eyes and let her head fall back in abandon.Its time, Stefan, she thought. And, very gently, she drew his mouth down again, this time to her throat. She felt his lips array her skin, felt his breath warm and cool at once. Then she felt the sharp sting.But the pain faded almost instantly. It was replaced by a feeling of pleasure that made her tremble. A great rushing sweetness filled her, flowing through her to Stefan.At last she found herself gazing into his face, into a face that at last had no barriers against her, no walls. And the look she saw there made her feel weak.Do you trust me? he whispered. And when she simply nodded, he held her eyes and reached for something beside the bed. It was the dagger. She regarded it without fear, and then fixed her eyes again on his face.He never looked away from her as he unsheathed it and made a small cut at the base of his throat. Elena looked at it wide-eyed, at the blood as bright as holly berries, but when he urged her forward she did not try to resist him.Afterward he just held her a long time, while the crickets outside made their music. Finally, he stirred.I wish you could stay here, he whispered. I wish you could stay forever. But you cant.I know, she said, equally quiet. Their eyes met again in silent communion. There was so much to say, so many reasons to be together. Tomorrow, she said. Then, leaning against his shoulder, she whispered, Whatever happens, Stefan, Ill be with you. Tell me you believe that.His voice was hushed, muffled in her hair. Oh, Elena, I believe it. Whatever happens, well be together.

Marketing of Guimaras Mangoes to the United States Essay

The meaty flesh of a mango harvest-festival is sweet, hardly the fruits pit is so large and hard. Ripe mangoes are fragrant and soft to the touch, but not mushy.Mangoes can be processed into a number of unique products such as dried mangoes, puree, juice, chutney, halves and scoops, jelly jams, and pickles. A uniform feature and an adequate supply are assured throughout the year through processing. Processed mangoes enable exporters to go their markets even during off season period for fresh mangoes. Also, exporters can penetrate buying countries with strict phytosanitary requirements by supplying processed mangoes.The distinct taste and nutritional value of Guimaras mango variety puts it above any other mango in the world. Mango is one of the priority crops creation supported by the major programs of the Department of Agriculture (DA) Mangoes are included among the high value crops to be given priority under the High Value Crop Law.Distribution is an exceptionally essential p hase in the marketing of mangoes. The fruit after harvest has to pass through several agencies before reaching the consumers.The Filipinos has already established its believability in supplying high quality mangoes to important markets especially to the United States.The recent organization of the Filipino Mango Development Council provided the impulsion to unite the divulge players of the labor into a single advocacy group that will work together for the sustainable development of the Philippine Mango Industry.REVIEW OF RELATED literary worksOne of mans greatest triumphs in the cultivating of wild plants is the cultivated mango. Centuries of cultivation and selection produced a luscious fruit. Many varieties are grown in different countries. Here in the Philipines, Guimaras is known as the Mango Country, gaining the name because of its sweetest and big-sized mangoes. Based on the data of the National Statistical Coordination Board of the republic of the Philippines, the year 20 02 was a heartfelt year for Guimaras mangoes. It was in this year that it formally joined the world export market and cooperatively, product soared to its highest for the break three years. 2002 labor posted a growth of 446.40 percent or five times higher over the 2001 production. Despite the decrease in the number of fruit-bearing trees, more trees were bring on to flower as favored by the weather conditions.The Philippine mango, considered in western countries as an exotic tropical fruit, is fast gaining popularity worldwide. It is the third biggest dollar earning fruit next to banana and pineapple. But competition from other countries has led to stricter international standard controls for mango and the fruits produced in Pangasinan and the other Ilocos provinces drive yet to meet quality standards demanded by the United States.The United States may open its market to Philippine mangoes, with that untaughts agriculture department funding a survey to bugger off out which m ango-producing areas grant no incidence of mango seed and pulp weevils. Major importers of Philippine mangoes in the United States are looking forward to less(prenominal) costly mangoes from Manila with the decision by the US government in December to deliver other provinces in the Philippines to export the produce. A United States-based Philippine official has revealed the introduction of a technology that would help cut down the shipping cost of Philippine mango exports to that country.Eventually, such technology would also allow mangoes from other areas of the country to enter the US market. Presently, only mangoes from Guimaras Island have been allowed in the US.According to Victoriano Leviste, agriculture attach at the Philippine embassy in Washington DC, The nominate is to create a niche market through our Filipino residents and possibly other Asians. Philippine Super Mango (carabao) has been gaining popularity in the US market as a sweet and more luscious fruit. The Philip pine mango, coming from Guimaras Province in the Visayas, was only able to enter the US market in May, last year, after 15 years of negotiations with the US Department of Agriculture. completely Guimaras mangoes are so far accepted in the US. Mangoes from other areas of the country allegedly have fruit flies.Guimaras has been considered a pest-free zone and an ideal source of mango exports to the US. It is encouraging to note that the importance of the mango industry to the Philippine economy is now being recognized by all concerned sectors. The mango industry has provided livelihood opportunities to its growers and to those involved in its marketing channels. Similarly important is its significant contribution to the countrys export earnings being the third ranking fruit export, next to banana and pineapple. The Philippines is one of the top mango producing countries in the world with an estimated 2% share of the worlds 23.4 million tons production in 1997.The other top mango prod ucing countries are India w here(predicate) 51% of total world production of mangoes comes from, China with 9% share. Mexico and Thailand both with 6% share. Exporting is one factor that helps our economy to sustain its stability with different problems it encounters. The need for unity among mango growers here in the Philippines is very important to be able to enhance the competitiveness of our own mangoes both in the local and world market. The recent formation of the Philippine Mango Development Council (Philmango), which was initiated by the DA Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance Service (AMAS), is a big step towards the proper orchestration of strategic interventions for the mango industry.CONCLUSIONMangoes from Guimaras indeed goes beyond quality and taste compared with other mangoes exported from different countries. The target of introducing and marketing of mangoes produced from different regions here in the Philippines to the United States should be endorsed. Only mangoe s from Guimaras passed the standards in the United States. In order for our mango producers to enter the US market, there should be proper technology to assure consistent quality and supply. The masses of the countrys mango output are grown in backyard farms which makes it hard to assure uniform and consistent supply of mangoes.There are circumscribed commercial farms, and exports are basically consolidation of produce from backyard orchards and small farms. Also, the lack of commercial technology in the packaging and in preserving the freshness to offset the grand stretch from the source to distant foreign markets such as the United States should also be taken into consideration. Lastly, inefficiency and high freight charges from the local shipping industry caused so much burden. It adversely affected the smooth delivery of mangoes to its markets. Mangoes coming from Visayas and Mindanao should be transported to Manila before it is exported to foreign countries the significant i ncrease of price referable to high transport costs makes it difficult to reach its destination.REFERENCESKotler, P. 1980. Marketing Management. New Jersey A Simon & Schuster Company Comptons Encyclopediahttp//www.nscb.gov.phhttp//www.organicconsumers.orgLeovelyn Hope B. ParreoFebruary 26, 2010BSBM 4/ SOCIO 01Mr. come in VelezCOMPARE THE EXPERIENCES YOU HAD IN PRIMARY SOCIAL GROUP TO YOUR EXPERIENCES IN SECONDARY SOCIAL GROUPIf theres someone who can give me good and true pieces of advice, it would be no less than my family. Every day, I came to meet and bump with different people. And these persons gave another dimension in my life. My second family, the organizations I have here in school also welcomed me. But there is indeed a significant difference with the way they care for each members. My family treats me, accepts me and understands me for the person I am. They believed in my capabilities and support me with my ambitions in life.My family gives me inspiration in everything I do. I can count on them especially in times when I undergo the down moments of my life. There was never a time when they left my side. On the other hand, my second family also gives another meaning in my life. Though I am part of the family, there is no assurance that they will always be there for me through thick or thin. They also have their priorities in life. Though they can be there when I a want shoulder to cry on, or help me out with problems in school but it is just temporary. They all come and go.AbstractMango is one of the commercially and economically essential horticultural fruit crops in the Philippines. It is the third most important fruit crop, next to banana and pineapple in terms of dollars earned. It is considered as a national fruit in this country. Mangoes specifically coming from Guimaras can be eaten ripe or unripe. It is very popular around the world because of its exotic taste. The paper aims to exemplify the export of these mangoes which placed the country s competitiveness in the world market and how it captured the United States.

GM Powertrain Essay

Joe Hinrichs, a recent Harvard Business school graduate, was hired in February 1996 to run the General Motorss the Fredericksburg Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) manufacturing plant. At 29 years old, Hinrichs was GMs youngest plant manager. Hinrichs was inheriting a poor performing plant that continually underachieved, losing money year after year. Improvements were desperately necessary to increase the efficiency of the manufacturing carry through and reduce operating costs.GM had considered shutting down the plant however, when a new bonding subroutine, using carbon fiber, for the TCC was okay in 1995, GM instead invested thirty million dollars into the Fredericksburg plant to incorporate the new process. From the beginning, Hinrichs faced a difficult situation. The previous plant manager pull the plant to ambitious bud arse aroundary goals. Hinrichs was also tasked with preparing the plant to use the new TCC manufacturing process and attaining QS-9000 certification.If that were nt enough, Hinrichs still had day to day emergencies to handle the latest be the 1500-ton put right breaking down, an important machine in the production process. Despite his situation, Hinrichs met the challenges head on, impressing both GM management and plant staff. Workforce Management Hinrichs knew that in order to be successful, he needed to rally the plant staff around him, gaining their trust and respect. Being an outsider at a small town plant and also being so young, Hinrichs knew accomplishing this would be a huge challenge.During the first month on the dividing line he started to show that he could be the capable leader this plant needed. Hinrichs had just received word that a UAW strike at two Dayton area plants would shut down all of GMs automatic transmission production plants, leaving him without customers. The standard procedure was to lay pip the plant workers until the strike was over, instead Hinrichs utilise the lay off as an opportunity to show his workfo rce that he would take care of them. As an alternative to laying them off, he worked with the staff to wee as umteen people as possible to take vacation during the time or mandatory training.The remainder worked on some of the improvements he wanted to make. Not precisely did this improve his relationship with the plant workers, it also gave him a way to start bring efficiency improvements to the plant. Historically, the Fredericksburg plant saw little gains from efficiency improvements. While not stated in the case, this was most likely due to the highly-skilled staffs resisting change, preferring the comfort of their undocumented processes that they had been using for decades. Hinrichs knew that he wouldnt be successful unless he could ease them into the changes and frame the changes in a way the staff would see as beneficial.In addition, Hinrichs had to overcome the fact that improvements meant less overtime, a disincentive for the staff. First, Hinrichs used the guise of nece ssary process changes to produce the new TCCs in order to bring in process improvements without upsetting the workers. By framing the changes as improvements to get the plant prepared for producing the new high tech part, the staff would be more open to changes. Second, Hinrichs eased the workers into change by first meeting with the wedding weeks before the changes were implemented in order to get their feedback and buy-in as well as time to come to terms with the changes.Third, Hinrichs spread change throughout the facility, so that no area would experience too much change all at once, giving the staff more time to adjust. Finally, Hinrichs kept the workers very heterogeneous in the knowledgeableness of new cells, encouraging them to examine them and provide him with feedback. This approach got some of the more senior workers to take a closer look and get excited roughly the changes, some actually applying to work in the new cells. Hinrichs realized that he had to give the wor kers new incentives to overcome the disincentive of a wish of overtime.He knew that if he could reconfigure the plant away from assembly lines and into individual work place, workers would be able to take more ownership of their work, producing better forest part and be self-motivated by being able to measure their individual output, increasing job rapture. The new cells turned out to be a hit. Workers were excited about having more control over their output and being part of the new process. Hinrichss active management of change within the factory and focus on worker satisfaction and buy-in resulted in a lot of small victories that he used to win over the workforces trust and respect.In the process, Hinrichs transform the plant from one that was resistant to change to one that embraced and was excited for change. Process Improvements One of the biggest needs for improvement was the assembly process. Although several changes were made throughout the years, quality and efficienc y still fell below expectations. Hinrichs implemented the newly developed assembly which consists of two separate work stations that allowed operators in the adjacent stations to share the expensive balancer machine.These assembly cells were much more efficient as workers were no longer forced to wait for another person or machine in the process. Each cell was built like the other with quick turn set-up which created flexibility in the process term also trim tooling inventory by almost a half. Now cells could be activated to meet demand for different models. Likewise, each cell was designed to handle 1 to 3 operators to accommodate changes in volume. For increased quality, engineers designed machines that would use the information documented in the PFMEA to check and reject both faulty units at any stage in the assembly process.This increased yields by ten times that of the original inspection method which was performed once at the end of assembly. These changes to the assembly p rocess not only reduced down time, allow for dynamic line balancing and scalability, it also created a sense of worker empowerment. Each worker presently controlled their own output therefore giving them a better understanding of their contribution towards the plants production goals. This was an extremely successful improvement that Hinrichs could immediately work off of.The new bonding machines installed for the new process also fell in line with increasing efficiency and operational costs. These new machines would at one time only required one worker instead of two. These machines also signaled when a problem occurred saving ample amount of time and wasted material. Employee job satisfaction increased as well with the new machines. Even older senior employees who currently hold desired jobs in the plant were applying for the bonder positions. Even if this change was a necessity forced on by the process change, it was overly successful and beyond their expectation.Workforce eff iciency was another area that needed to be improved. The installation of the QS 9000 system helped do just that. It helped maintain high standards of quality and reliability as well as continuous improvement and cost reduction. This stringent process was basically absent from this plant. Documenting your process and continually monitoring it through a quality system gives one the ability to understand and uncover inefficiencies in the manufacturing process. For example, Hinrichs noticed, in particular, the Heat treat area did not utilize its workers effectively. on that point were employees that loaded and unloaded the ovens while terce separate inspectors waited until parts came out of heat treat. There was significant idle time for all of the employees in the process. By teaching the operators the techniques needed to inspect their own parts, their idle time is significantly reduced while completely freeing three employees to serve higher demand processes within the plant. This c hange in job responsibilities is a good example of utilizing resources to increase throughput not just activating a resource just to keep it working. 1500-ton Press AnalysisHinrichss current challenge is how to deal with the broken 1500 ton press. This press is the only one in the plant. The press is the first step in the process and also the bottleneck. If this machine is down, the whole system is down. There are three resources Hinrichs has considered (Appendix A presents the information in data form needed to make a decision. ) Given the information in Appendix A and carefully analyzing it, we mother decided to move forward with election 1 while continuing ideas to more effectively implement the new Die into the process if purchased.By choosing option 1, the plant would be able to continue operating without loss of throughput or added unit cost due to outsourcing. To reduce system breakdown, a preventative tutelage procedure would be enacted. Currently, the relationship betwe en Hinrichs and the union is good and furthermore, by repairing the press with existing parts, the plant cannot afford to eliminate a union job if option 2 were selected. Hinrichs also needs to be aware of his spending for the year as well as delivering a known return on his investments.Neither option 2 or 3 will allow Hinrichs the ability to show any return on investment this fiscal year. Option 2 seemed to be an expensive route to take just to add some reliability with little reduction in costs. While Option 3 sounds appealing, the new die is still unreliable and could have a significant impact to unit costs if additional outsourcing were needed while bringing it up to speed. Hinrich should continue to work on the new die offline and only incorporate it once the technical challenges have been overcome.

Introduction to Oboe and Bassoon

An Introduction hautboy and Bassoon By Marie A Rogers 300005290 Woodwind Techniques 1 1010-1100 Mr. Robinson The oboe is a soprano- function double vibrating vibrating vibrating reed shaft with a length of 62cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore that expands into a flaring bell. The modern oboes range extends from the B flat below middle C (b3 flat) to about 3 octaves superiorer (A6). The oboe has a really narrow conical bore. It is played with a double reed consisting of two thin blades of cane tied together on a small metal tube called a staple, which is inserted into the reed socket at the top of the tool.Traditionally made from African Blackwood, excessively called grenadilla, the instrument is made in 3 parts. The top joint has 10 or 11 holes, most of which argon manipulated by the players left hand. The bottom joint in any case has 10 holes, which are predominately haltled by the decline hand. The bell has 2 keys that are not utilize very much by the player. Oboe History The baroque oboe first appeared in the French court in the mid-17th century, where it was called hautbois. This name was also used for its predecessor, the shawm. The basic form of the hautbois was derived from the shawm.Major differences between the two instruments include division into 3 sections or joints, for the hautbois, and the elimination of the pirouette, a cup placed over the reed that enabled the shawm players to produce greater volume. The latter develop more than any other, was responsible for bringing the hautbois indoors where, thanks to its more refined sound and appearance of playing, it took up a permanent place in the orchestra. Classical period brought upon an oboe whose bore was gradually narrowed, and the instrument became outfitted with several keys, among them were those for the notes D, F, and G.A key similar to the modern octave key was also added called the slur key. It was used more like the flick keys on the modern German Bassoo n. Only later did French instrument vexrs redesign the octave key to be used in the manner of the modern key i. e. held open or upper register, closed for lower. The narrower bore allowed the higher notes to be played easier, and composers began to utilize the upper register of the oboe in their works. Oboe Reeds Most professional oboists make their own reeds since every oboist needs a slightly different reed to suit his or her undivided needs.By making their own reeds, oboists can precisely control factors such as tone color and intonation. Novice players often begin playing on fibrecane reed which is made of synthetic material. Fibrecane reeds are much easier for the novitiate to control and take a shorter amount of time to break in, and usually last longer. After learning on fibrecane reeds, which are procurable in several degrees of hardness, a medium reed usually being used. These reed, like Clarinet and Bassoon reeds are made of arundo donax. Different types of OboesThe ob oe has several family members. The most wide known today is the Cone Anglais or English Horn, the tenor (or alto) member of the family. A transposing instrument, it is pitched in F, a perfect 5th lower than the oboe. The Oboe d Amore the alto (or mezzo soprano) member of the family, is pitched in A, a minor 3rd lower than the Oboe. A less normally played instrument is the Bass Oboe which is an octave lower than the oboe. Even less common is the Hecklephone, which has a wider bore and larger tone than the sea bass oboe. Only 165 hecklephones keep back ever been made.Its hard to find competent players because of the rarity of the instrument. The least common is the mussette or (piccolo oboe), the sopranino member of the family (usually pitched in Eflat or F higher up the oboe), and the Contrabass Oboe ( typically pitched in C, 2 octaves deeper than the standard oboe). The Bassoon Bassoon is a member of the double-reed family, and generally plays in the bass and tenor registers. The bassoon plays most commonly in concert chevrons, orchestras and chamber ensembles. It is a non transposing instrument.The bassoon is generally made of maple, with medium hard types of wood, such as sycamore, maple and sugar maple preferred. Less expensive models are also made of materials such as polypropylene and ebonite, generally for student and outdoor use. The bassoon is 4. 4 feet long. The bore of the bassoon is conical, and the two correspond bores of the blast joint are machine-accessible at the bottom of the instrument with a U- shaped metal connector. Both bore and tone holes are precision machined, and each instrument is finished by hand for proper tuning.The bocal connects the reed to the rest of the instrument and is inserted into a socket at the top of the wing joint. The range of the bassoon begins at bflat 1 and extends upward over 3 octaves. Bassoon history Earlier bassoons were called Dulcian. They two instruments are quite similar they both have a double ree d fitted into a metal crook, obliquely drill tone holes, and a conical bore that doubles back on itself. The origins of the dulcian are not clear, but by the mid 16th century it was available in 8 different sizes from soprano to great bass.Its primary function seems to have been to provide the bass in a typical wind band of the time. Early dulcian technique was rather primitive, with 8 finger holes and generally one key, indicating that it could only play in a few keys. The Baroque period was when the bassoon became very similar to what it is today. The man most likely responsible for developing the true Bassoon was Martin Hottorre. He was responsible for breaking the instrument down the one-piece dulcian into 4 sections (bell, bass joint, boot and wing joint).The modern Bassoon exists in two distinct primary forms the Buffett system and the Heckle system. Most of the world plays the Heckle system, while the Buffett system is primarily in France, Belgium, and parts of Latin America . Bassoon techniques The Bassoon is held diagonally in front of the player, but unlike the flute, oboe, and clarinet, it cannot be supported by the players hands alone. Some means of spare support is required the most common ones used are a neck strap or shoulder harness attached to the top of the boot joint, a seat trap attached to the base of the boot joint which is laid across the chair seat prior to sitting down. To stabilize the right hand, many Bassoonists use an adjustable common shaped apparatus called a crutch, which mounts to the boot joint. An aspect of Bassoon playing technique called flicking involves the momentary pressing or flicking of the high A, C, and D keys by the left hand thumb at the beginning of certain note in the middle octave in order to buy the farm the cracking or brief microphonic that happens without the use of the key.Bassoon Reeds Bassoon reeds, made of Arundo donax cane, are often made by the players themselves, although beginner bassoonists tend to buy their reeds from professional reed makers or use reeds made by their teachers. Reeds begin with a length of tube cane that is split into three or four pieces. The cane is thus trimmed and gouged to the desired thickness, leaving the scrape attached. After soaking, the gouged cane is cut to the proper shape and milled to the desired thickness, or profile, by removing material from the bark side.This can be done by hand with a file more frequently it is done with a machine or tool intentional for the purpose. After the profiled cane has soaked once again it is folded over in the middle. Prior to soaking, the reed maker will have lightly scored the bark with parallel lines with a knife this learns that the cane will assume a cylindrical shape during the forming stage. On the bark portion, the reed maker binds on three coils or loops of brass wire to aid in the final forming process. The exact placement of these loops can vary somewhat depending on the reed maker.The bound re ed booby is then wrapped with thick cotton or linen thread to protect it, and a conical steel mandrel (which sometimes has been heated in a flame) is quickly inserted in between the blades. Using a special pair of pliers, the reed maker presses down the cane, making it conform to the shape of the mandrel. (The move generated by the heated mandrel causes the cane to permanently assume the shape of the mandrel. ) The upper portion of the cavity thus created is called the throat, and its shape has an influence on the final playing characteristics of the reed.The lower, mostly cylindrical portion will be reamed out with a special tool, allowing the reed to fit on the bocal. After the reed has dried, the wires are tightened around the reed, which has shrunk after drying. The lower part is sealed (a nitrocellulose-based cement such as Duco may be used) and then wrapped with thread to ensure both that no air leaks out through the bottom of the reed and that the reed maintains its shape. The wrapping itself is often sealed with Duco or clear nail seal off (polish).The bulge in the wrapping is sometimes referred to as the Turks headit serves as a convenient handle when inserting the reed on the bocal. To finish the reed, the end of the reed blank, originally at the center of the unfolded piece of cane, is cut off, creating an opening. The blades above the first wire are now roughly 2730 mm (1. 11. 2 in) long. In order for the reed to play, a slight bevel must be created at the tip with a knife, although there is also a machine that can perform this function. Other adjustments with the knife may be necessary, depending on the hardness and profile of the cane and the requirements of the player.The reed opening may also need to be adjusted by squeezing either the first or second wire with the pliers. Additional material may be take from the sides (the channels) or tip to balance the reed. Additionally, if the e in the staff is sagging in pitch, it may be necessary to clip the reed by removing 12 mm (0. 0390. 079 in) from its length. Playing styles of individual bassoonists vary greatly because of this, most advanced players will make their own reeds, in the process customizing them to their individual playing requirements.

How Did the Nuremberg Trials Work and Who Was Tried and Why? Essay

The war crime trials held at Nuremberg are one of the to the highest degree well-known trials against kindness in history. These trials were very complex and consisted of m some(prenominal) throng from slicey different countries. Justice was a big part of these trials and justice was served to the people who were tried and convicted passim this complex process. The specific name for these trials was the International Military Tribunal, often referred to as IMT (Taylor Intro). These were complex trials which sought to break new legal ground on major(ip) issues of international law (Taylor 4).Simply, the Nuremberg trials were created to convict the people who were involved in the Holocaust and the destruction of Poland as well as other events. The events of the Nazi era were a major part of the Nuremberg trials (Taylor 3). These trials were much more than intricate than the average person would think. It changed the lives of many, many people not only were the families of those c onvicted but of the people who sat in on the hearings were affected. Everyone who was remotely involved in these trials was affected by them. But what law was the International Military Tribunal enforcing? Ordinary courts and trials are based on the statuses of sovereign nations.However, the IMT was no ordinary court. It was established by the United States and three other major European Nations, and the laws by which the IMT was bound were not the laws of those or of any other nations. For its rules on crime the IMT looked primarily to the international laws of war, violations were called war crimes (Taylor 5). Humanitarianism played a large role in the development of the laws for Nuremberg (Taylor 5). The laws by which the motor inn would follow were not chosen over a days era but, they were well thought out, reviewed and reviewed again. This was necessary for the simple reason that there would be no way for the incriminate to beat the system because something in the wording wa s wrong.One of the most famous trials from Nuremberg was that of Goering Hermann Goering. Goering was commander in chief of the air force, prexy of the Reichstag, and prime minister of Russia. He was found guilty for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity (Goldensohn 101). It took much more than just taking a look at what Goering did during his time of doing these disastrous things, they looked at his parents, his childhood they took a look at his personal issues. They went deep enough even to look at his past wives (Goldensohn 101). Unlike most people convicted throughout the trials Goering was willing to accept that he actually did these things. He admitted his wrong doings (Goldensohn 102). Usually the convicted would try to fight the system.Goering was a smart man and knew it was easier to accept these things because he knew he did them. Goering was willing to say he was Hitlers successor he worked face-to-face with Hitler (Goldensohn 102). That right the re could have been enough for the punishment of death. Goering believed that his childhood has no major effect on his adult personality, but that his childhood qualities were the same he acquired now he didnt change much. Goerings trial ended in him being sentenced to death by hanging. Two hours before this scheduled execution, on October 15, 1946 he committed suicide in his cell (Goldensohn 101). Goerings case was one of the more complex and more interesting cases. He understood what was going on and didnt fear for his life because he knew all of the things he did were wrong.Walther Funk was minister of economics from 1937 to 1945 (Goldensohn 76). He was tried at Nuremberg. Unlike Goering, Funk feared for his life and would become defensive and teary-eyed when asked most his political activity. He claimed he was only a small part of the things that happened and had no idea what was going on (Goldensohn 76). Funk did not lead the wasteful life-style that Goering did but what he d id in his adult years was enough to get him into these trials and be convicted. In 1931 he retired from the editorship of the paper, because I felt that the National Socialists were genuine to assume power and I was drawn to the movement.Germany was in a crisis. Unemployment was great. Class struggles existed (Goldensohn 77). Funk was never part of the inner circle of Hitler, He was not a politician (he only headed the office for Private business for a few months) (Goldensohn 79). Then average person today in 2011 would think that all the people tried in Nuremberg hated the Jews and were anti-Semitic. Funk was actually a friend with many Jewish people, he worked with Jews he did not hate them (Goldensohn 80). At Nuremberg they accused Funk for the rearmament of Germany. Funk claims that it was false and it was in the hands of Georg Thomas (Goldensohn 81). In the end, on October 1st, 1946 Funk was sentenced to life in prison. He was released in 1957 for health problems and later(pr enominal) died in 1960.The Nuremberg trials were different and more complex than most trials. They were held to serve justice. In the end justice was served. The International Military Tribunal was successful in what they treasured to accomplish in the first place. These trials are not fully understood by many especially in the laws that they followed and how the trials were run. Having multiple nations involved and defendants from many nations it became awkward through translation and things like that. The Nuremberg trials broke the legal ground internationally that it sought to break.Jacklyn Oleksak 3/23/11Works Cited Pd. 2Dodd, Christopher J. Letters from Nuremberg. natural York Crown Publishing, 2007. Print.This book did not help me as much as I thought it would. Titled Letters from Nuremberg it sounded like it would help. After reading mingled pages I noticed it was more of a novel of enjoyment rather than a useful re computer address. It was a fairly effortless resource t o understand and the authors certificate were very good but I only used a line of cardinal from the whole book. I got it at the Plainedge Public Library with two other books about the trials.Goldensohn, Leon. The Nuremberg Interviews. New York Alfred A Knopf, 2004. Print.Goldensohn has the best credentials of all. He was the one interviewing the defendants in his book. Therefore, all his info was accurate. The books reliability was very high because it had so much information and by checking other sources, it was all correct. It was written a bit above an easy reading level but I was adequate to(p) to understand it fairly well and get the information I needed. I accessed it at the Public library while looking through books for my re attend.Gormley, Larry. Hermann W. Gring. Ehistory file away. 2001. OSU department of history. 17 March 2011. .This website was fairly helpful. I didnt use it as a primary source but rather as a source to check information. It was helpful in the par t of my essay about Goering. It gave me a good oversight of what that paragraph would be about and then I got the more complex details in the Nuremberg Interviews book. I accessed it through advanced search on google.Linder, Doug. The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials An Overview. World famous trials. 2000. Nuremberg trials. 15 March 2011. This like the Ehistory archives website gave me a great overview of what my paper was going to be about. It was very useful in helping me find out what was important for my paper and what was not as important. It helped my research become more detailed and it made it a better paper all together. I accessed it in the PHS library from searching on advances search Google.Taylor, Ella. Crimes against humanity. The Village Voice. 29 September- 5 October 2011. ProQuest. PHS library. 22 March 2011. http//proquest.umi.comThis website did not help me at all. It was not as to the point as the other resources I used. It was bleak and unhelpful. It did have some c orrect information and it was a knowledgeable source but it was not what I needed to write my paper. I accessed it through the PHS databases.Taylor, Telford. The class of the Nuremberg trials. New York Alfred A Knopf, 1992. PrintThis was my most valuable source. It gave me much more than I needed and gave me a variety of information to choose from. It was not an easy reading level to read at. It was most likely written for well-educated adults but I was able to decipher the information I needed for my research. The information is accurate, I checked through other sources. This was my most helpful guide throughout the research. I accessed it at the Public library.

Ipad’s Integrated Marketing Communications Report

Table of Contents Introduction1 orchard apple trees incorporate merchandise talk theory Programme for iPad. 2 Brand Positioning2 Target Audience3 Target market and segments4 Evaluation of the products integrate selling Communications designing4 Conclusion7 Recommendations7 Bibliography8 Introduction This report depart dis practicee orchard apple trees Integrated marketing Communications (IMC) Programme for their iPad product and how this is coordinated to communicate the iPads product positioning strategy.orchard apple trees iPad is a tablet figurer adding a new genre to their wandering(a) contrivances. The report leave alone discuss the shuffling positioning and any recommendations for future IMC castning. orchard apple trees corporate headquarters ar found in California in the US in the heart of the Hi-tech industry. They are global in terms of computer electronic consumable sales. orchard apple tree position themselves as a top of the picture discoloration wit h pioneering asylums and consumer needs and privations in mind.Steve Jobs, former co-founder, chairman and chief operating officer of orchard apple tree Inc. , make a oblige positioning statement during his approach of the iPad at a conference in January 2010, he stated that the iPad is so a unsloped deal more intimate than a laptop, and its so very much more capable than a smartphone with its gorgeous screen (STONE, 2010). Apple is perpetrate to bideing in the forefront of innovation and musical note, and therefore will sustain their warring returns in a rapidly evolving market.This report will also cotton up the importance of media for Apples set and how Apple have usanced this to reach its prat audience and increase cross off awareness. It will also question if Apple is steeringing on the Marketing Communications Mix or are they relying more on the inclination of the brand? The theory behind IMC is to drug abuse whole aspects of trade communication such(pre nominal)(prenominal) as Advertising, Public Relations, Direct marketing and Personal selling to attain and sustain long-term customer relationships while strengthening brand awareness and increasing profits.Apples use and effectiveness of the IMC campaign and their success from it will be discussed further in this report along with what message Apple are trying to deliver in their advertising of the iPad. Apples Integrated Marketing Communications Programme for iPad. The Apple brand is instantly recognisable throughout the world overdue to the companys positioning strategy of their product line by way of product features, quality and ease of use to name a few. Their leadership in innovation gives the brand competitive advantage and this has fed the want and desire for the brand by consumers.Therefore the iPad having the Apple brand already created a current am The Apple brand is instantly recognisable throughout the world due to the companys positioning strategy of their product line by way of product features, quality and ease of use to name a few. Their leadership in innovation gives the brand competitive advantage and this has fed the want and desire for the brand by consumers. Therefore the iPad having the Apple brand already created a certain am Apple is no different to to the highest degree organisations for using promotional and advertising tools to gain customers interest and the desire for their products.However, their marketing on innovation and design of the iPad also catches the attention of new potential consumers. To numerous the applied science was not totally new, moreover the concept was and Apple focussed on that. Previous products from Apple put their brand in the limelight and made any new product launch a much anticipated one. amount of reputation, awareness and prominence in the marketplace before it was horizontal launched. So how is Apples Integrated Marketing Communications organised to communicate the iPads positioning strateg y? Firstly, we should construe at the brand positioning and how the iPad fits in.Brand Positioning Brands and the management of brands have become genuinely important elements of horticulture and the economy. A brand can increase the products perceived value and therefore brand management and the marketing techniques used are seen as vital to increase brand equity and the positioning of their products. Marketers see a brand as an implied promise of the level of quality consumers have come to expect from the brands products and that future products will meet those expectations. Apple is seen as an iconic brand that delivers revolutionary, beautifully designed and incredibly profitable products. (Daye, 2012). The Apple brand is in fact Number 1 in brand value according to Forbes, formulation it is worth $87. 1 billion, up 52% from two years ago (Forbes, 2012). The master of the Apple brand was Steve Jobs who was an excellent brand marketer and core to what Apple is today. He saw th e future for Apple which was freeing beyond computers, therefore his first step was to remove the word Computer from their logo. Doing this allowed the company to diversify and overstate into the world of mobile devices and more. Doing this allowed the company to diversify and expand into the world of mobile devices and more.Just as the products are rattling important for competitiveness, the brand is too, and the Apple brand certainly has succeeded in building up a very valuable untroubled an instantly recognizable and universally respected brand. This makes it easier to promote and sell the iPad. In fact, approximately brands over time become cult brands consumers become passionate close to the brand and levels of loyalty go beyond reason (Roberts, 2004) and Apple has become a cult brand in some respects. As mentioned in Steve Jobs compelling positioning statement in the introduction, he made two important statements about the product.They were that the iPad was between two already highly successful mobile devices, the laptop and the smartphone, and very importantly that the iPad had competitive advantages over each. Apple brand followers were instantly excited and could not wait for the release of the iPad so they could be the first to have it, whether they needed such a device or not The iPad was a game-changer in the tech world when released in April of 2010 and some believe it whitethorn end the personal computer era such is the strength of the brand. Target AudienceThe iPads target audience is not as receive as one would think, it turns out that it is very broad. The initial thought on the iPad by the media was that it was only a big iPhone that could not be used for regular phone calls, so who would want something like that? Apple believed, like for the iPod, that the iPad was for everyone. They got this perception when a year after the iPod was released some consumers still believed the device was for techies and celebrities. The task, theref ore, was to use communications to inform world audiences that the iPod (and now the iPad) was for everyone, not just a select few (Fill, 2009).The fact that many features and programs on the iPad were inherited from the iPod and iPhone it meant that substance abusers would be familiar with the devices capabilities and have the advantage of mobile computing too. The iPad had the potential to target music copers of all ages and denominations, it was a learnedness tool for both students and professionals with the addition of thousands of applications (apps) available. The variety of apps could attract consumers who love to read, share photographs, stay in touch through forms of email, forums, virtual meetings, social media and Apples Facetime to name a few.This made the iPads audience vast and diverse. Target market and segments Segmentation is necessary because a single product is improbable to meet the needs of all customers in a mass market (Fill, 2009). This should be the case f or most products, however the iPad is satisfying many needs and desires. For example, due to the variety of applications available, the iPad becomes an educational tool, a recreational tool, a business tool and a communication tool, all of which the iPad was designed for. It is clear the device is equally good for home use as well as business for both genders.But the competitiveness of the product is reinforced by Apples award winning dedicated music store, iTunes, which delivers seamless downloading of not just music, but books and movies too, which widens the target market and covers several market segments. The need to communicate through channels such as social media, example is Facebook, and websites specifically designed for mobile devices such as iVillage for women, make the iPad a very attractive device as it is stylish, light weight and now trendy to own one.Consumers of all ages and backgrounds can potentially own one as the price of the base model is relatively welcome i n terms of technical devices is concerned. Because of the potential to increase productivity businesses are scrambling to bargain for the iPad, students and colleges want them, and they are seen being used by news broadcasters and presenters not to mention government representatives. Apple do not appear to target markets like other companies do, they tend to target people.They use elements of IMC and AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action) to achieve and maintain customer loyalty and increase brand awareness. They managed to present complex technology in an easy, user friendly and mutant way, a key to their success in many markets. Evaluation of the products Integrated Marketing Communications plan Apple continued on the successes of previous products when launching their iPad product, using images and reminders of what those previous products have done for the world. Their marketing communications for the iPad very much focused on what the company has done and what they ar e best at.In the set presentation of the iPad, the company reminded us that in October 2001, Apple revolutionised the way people listen to music with the iPod, in April 2003 Apple revolutionised the way people buy music, videos and games with iTunes. In October 2007, they revolutionised the world of mobile communications with the iPhone, and now with the iPad, Apple will revolutionise the world again. Steve Jobs enthusiastic description of the device during his Keynote in January 2010 makes the undivided user feel that it was made for them, that they will hold the internet in their hands and it is an incredible experience. Steve Jobs on many occasions has stated that he loves Apple products and their customers. This shows in the customer support Apple has invested in. The company internally is well briefed on how Apple wants to be perceived, again this shows in how secrecy shrouds products prior to their launch. Their communication com uniteture is very much audience focused and always consistent. The message for iPad is clear, it is a device for the individual who could alter it and bring it anywhere. Apples marketing objectives were quite childlike for the iPad.Their approach has always been the same, but different to other organisations, their introduction was somewhat spectacular due to the fact that products prior to launch were always successfully kept a secret. This made Apple brand fans excited and other consumers intrigued. Apples marketing strategy is Its better to be simple and it shows in their marketing communications as they keep their advertising minimalistic and product information in simple language. The main forms they use are social media, online advertising, presentation keynotes and sometimes viral marketing all way, the message is clear and simple the product is exciting, fun and easy to use. This is unusual, as traditionally, technical products were always expound by their systems statistics and technical terminology which the aver age consumer does not render. Brand awareness is increased because of the hype. The communication mix or marketing mix involves the implementation of a marketing plan consisting of i) Promotion, ii) Product, iii) Price and iv) Place. The Apple brand is an incredibly strong brand hence Promotion is mentioned first.Apple, surprisingly, do not spend as much on advertising as one would think. Media such as television and magazines are their main select but what Apple did and did best were product launch press releases. As mentioned before, keynote presentations were what Apples former CEO was extraordinary at. And people who mattered most to promote and place the new product in the media through creation relations press releases, were present at these presentations. Secrecy of a product generated interest and added to that the Apple brand which created hype, resulted in enthusiastic anticipation of the iPad launch.Commercials were simplistic but visually pleasing and this enhanced th e beauty and control of the design and features of the iPad, exactly what Steve Jobs himself loved about Apple products. This is also mirrored in their shop designs featuring simple but sophisticated look just displaying the Apple products promoting their features. More recently, the iPad has been placed in most good computer electronic stores around the world and of course Apples own e-commerce website. It is now as easy to purchase the iPad as it is to buy shoes.The iPad, like other Apple products, is designed and manufactured to the highest standards as always maintain by the former CEO Steve Jobs. The Product is probably Apples most important P in the communication mix as they believe they have the most a product can offer. Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovational hardware, software and Internet offerings. (Apple, 2004). The products and the bra nd will push the other Ps of the mix for Apple.Price was not as important for Apple as their products. With their iPad they have competitive advantage with innovation, they also have control with materials, such as touch screens and flash memory to keep costs down over their competitors. Most electronic goods prices generally fall as the product nears the end of its PLC, (Product Life Cycle). Not so much with Apple products. Apple manages to get people hooked on their products from an early age. The iPad, like other Apple mobile devices, are very easy and fun to use and have the capability of adapting to the user by message of applications and personalisation.Therefore, as the user grows older the device can contain more mature applications. For example, games and early learning apps can entertain children while music and movies are a must for adolescences, and productivity and news may be important for adults. Today we cannot live without social networking and weather information This is a very capable way of reaching a varied target audience that is not confined to gender, demographics, interests, or even age and Apple use apps to promote the iPad.The effectiveness of the IMC campaign is hard to measure for the iPad as an individual Apple product, as much of the interest is down to the loyalty of the brand also. Critics will always specify to the negatives, but there is without doubt, evidence to show the iPad is a huge success. Promoting the iPad to young users, for example, in schools and colleges and images of celebrities and peers using them federal agency it generates the desire to own one. Apple can also lock the consumer into the brand by linking their products and services so that they continue to use the brand through life.Conclusion Their advertising and in-store presentation of the iPad gives the product a prestigious image, but the ability to allow the consumer to try it or play with it in their stores shows the confidence the company has for their products capabilities and quality, and that is what consumers inevitably crack up up on. For effective marketing there needs to be effective communication of the information of the product. Apple does it well, but they do it simply and that seems to work. The desire they have generated for the consumer to want a fun and productive device is unquenchable.Apple may not follow all the rules of Integrated Marketing Communications, but they are careful in the planning of a product entry into the market. Secrecy, hype, presentations and image are key to their success it seems and the Apple brand remains powerful and resilient. Recommendations Apple as a company must be transparent to remain credible and sustainable in todays business climate. This will also aid in the expansion into emerging markets. The success of the iPad has been a cornerstone for the company roven by sales of nearly 40 million iPads at the end of 2011, according to Forbes, and they expect 73 million in sales b y the end of 2012. This can be over confident and risky as they lack new innovation since the iPad 2 launch. To continue growth into 2013 Apples marketing strategy will need to focus on brand positioning, promotion, customer service and estimate a competitive price of iPad with additional features linking to search and analysis of the environmental forces to compete in the global market. A continual S. W. O. T. analysis would benefit to understand the companys position.Promotion development and strategies can be extremely effective if Apple continues to focus on its strategic human resource management and by making consistent attempts to remodel its marketing plan to continue successfully. Bibliography Apple, 2004. Apple Press Info. Online operational at http//www. apple. com/pr/library/2004/01/08HP-and-Apple-Partner-to-Deliver-Digital-Music-Player-and-iTunes-to-HP-Customers. html Accessed 27th blemish 2013. Daye, D. , 2012. Weakness In The Apple Brand?. Online Available at http/ /www. brandingstrategyinsider. com/2012/12/crunch-time-for-the-apple-brand. html. US860jAqyCl Accessed 28th Feb 2013.Fill, C. , 2009. Marketing Communications. Fifth Edition ed. Harlow Pearson Education Limited. Forbes, 2012. Apple Tops List Of The Worlds Most Powerful Brands. Online Available at http//www. forbes. com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2012/10/02/apple-tops-list-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-brands/ Accessed 24th March 2013. Roberts, K. , 2004. The Future Beyond Brands Lovemarks. New York Powerhouse Books. STONE, B. , 2010. New York Times. Inside Technology. Online Available at http//www. nytimes. com/2010/01/28/technology/companies/28apple. html? _r=0 Accessed 12 Feb 2013.